Clinical research has demonstrated the effectiveness of probiotics in treating various conditions, including antibiotic-associated diarrhea, upper respiratory tract infections, abdominal pain in children, and infant colic.

Probiotic Strains

Responding to the rising consumer demand and industry expansion, researchers are actively developing new and innovative probiotic strains. They consider factors such as processing, storage, gastrointestinal survivability, and cell functionality. Compatibility with other ingredients is a crucial consideration during formulation. 

Encapsulation of probiotic strains may be employed to enhance survivability in the GI tract, during processing, and when added to different food products such as powders, bars, gummies, infant formula, and pet food.

The most commonly used probiotic strains belong to the Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium genera, owing to their abundance in the human gut and Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) status. Strains from other genera like Bacillus, Saccharomyces, and Streptococcus are also used as probiotic supplements.

Probiotic Level Verification

Regardless of whether probiotics contain multiple strains or single strains, and whether they are in capsule form, powder form, or added to food products, the claimed levels on labels need to be verified. Mérieux NutriSciences provides verification of probiotic levels in Colony-Forming Units (CFUs) or Active Forming Units (AFUs). They have expertise in testing various probiotic strains and ensuring their safety for human consumption by testing for contaminants.

For strains to qualify as probiotics, they must be viable and offer health benefits when consumed. Clinical studies help determine the minimal and optimal doses required for probiotics to have a positive impact on health outcomes. Biofortis, a sister company of Mérieux NutriSciences, specializes in clinical research testing to assess GI survivability and conduct health benefit claim studies.

Mérieux NutriSciences’ laboratory services and Biofortis Research’s clinical trial services support the entire lifecycle of probiotic products, ensuring high-quality formulations backed by data.

Research at Biofortis

Biofortis is dedicated to protecting consumer health throughout the world by delivering a wide range of testing and consultancy services to the food, supplement, and nutrition industries. Biofortis supports this mission in two ways—through clinical trials and sensory and consumer insights testing. We specialize in clinical research targeting foods, ingredients, and dietary supplements that affect body structures, function, and overall health. Contact us with any clinical trial or scientific consulting needs.

Original article posted by Mérieux NutriSciences.

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Food is metabolized by gut microbes, which also help bolster our immune systems. The last few years have seen a large increase in the amount of research being conducted on gut health in general. There is still much to be learned about the big picture, but a few areas of research have jumped ahead of the pack.

These areas of research include probiotics and prebiotics. You’ve probably heard both of these terms at one point or another. But what’s the difference between them?

Probiotics Vs. Prebiotics

It’s actually very simple to break down: Probiotics are actual bacteria (healthy bacteria) while prebiotics is basically food that enriches the diet of probiotic bacteria. So, probiotics: are healthy bacteria. Prebiotic: food for probiotic bacteria.

Fiber is the most common content in prebiotics. Gut bacteria are able to manufacture some prebiotics on their own, but enriching the food supply for probiotic bacteria has been the area of focus for recent studies.

“Dietary fibers are more complicated than you may think because there are so many subtle differences in their chemical makeup,” says Julie Stefanski, registered dietitian, nutritionist, and spokesperson for the Academy of Nutrition & Dietetics. 

“Researchers are studying prebiotics as a possible aid to many health conditions, including allergies, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, skincare, and also how they could bolster the health of lungs and the reproductive tract. Prebiotics are even being studied as an intervention for COVID-19 with the idea that a healthy immune system — bolstered by diet and nutrition — can help your body fight off viral infections. If some of the research pans out, prebiotics could fuel a new generation of food products.”

What’s In Prebiotics?

Prebiotics contain mostly complex carbohydrates that are low-digestible. Microbes in the gut use these fibers, which can help strengthen the immune system and reduce inflammation. Prebiotics are healthy foods but can be hard to digest without the right mix of probiotic bacteria.

Foods like lentils, bananas, onions, and whole grains make up the base of a prebiotic-friendly diet. Some fermented foods that contain prebiotics also pack double the benefit and contain probiotics as well. They include sauerkraut, kimchi, miso, and kombucha, among others.

Most prebiotics is low-digestible, complex carbohydrates. Some examples of prebiotics are whole grains, bananas, onions, legumes like chickpeas and lentils, and greens. If you choose 

The Future of Prebiotics and Probiotics

Current research is looking at many things. At the top of the list are combinations of prebiotics and probiotics that work together to aid the digestive system.

“Prebiotics are not as simple as adding asparagus to the diet. When you think about something like food, we are very cautious when we use this kind of language. We think there has to be a really deep commitment to understanding the components of food that affect functions of the microbiota that in turn affects humans.” 

“In a recent series of papers in Cell, Elife, and Cell Host & Microbe the team studied how prebiotic fiber is selectively used by gut microbes by designing a biosensor — a series of artificial food particles attached to microscopic glass beads. A color label helps track the beads. The team sent the nutrient-decorated beads into the intestinal tracts of specialized mice with specific human gut communities.” 

Research like this is allowing us to look at prebiotics and postbiotics like never before. Finding the optimal balance between probiotics and the prebiotics they consume is the goal while discovering how to properly apply that relationship to our diet is the end game. 

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The global probiotics market has grown tremendously in the last couple of years; especially in the supplement form. In 2021, the probiotics industry was >48 billion dollars with a 22% increase in probiotic supplements from 2019 to 2021. This increasing use of probiotic supplements is due to the evidence that probiotics support GI health. Further, clinical research has demonstrated the efficacy of probiotics in the treatment of conditions such as antibiotic-associated diarrhea, upper respiratory tract infections, abdominal pain in children, and infant colic to name a few.

Reacting to the increase in consumer demand and growth in the industry, researchers are developing novel probiotic strains at a fast pace while considering the impact of processing, storage, gastrointestinal survivability, and functionality of the cells. A key consideration during formulation is compatibility with other ingredients. Probiotic strains may be encapsulated to ensure survivability in the GI tract, during processing, and for application when added to different food matrices such as powders, bars, gummies, infant formula, and pet food.

The most widely used probiotic strains belong to two main genera, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, due to their abundance in the human gut and GRAS status. Species of other genera such as Bacillus, Saccharomyces, and Streptococcus are also used as probiotic supplements.

Irrespective of probiotics with multiple strains or single strains, in capsule, powder, or as an additive in a food matrix, the level claimed on the label needs verification. Mérieux NutriSciences offers this verification in CFUs or AFUs and has experience with a variety of probiotic strains and their applications. Our services also include testing for contaminants to ensure the safety of probiotics for human consumption.

To qualify as probiotics, strains need to be viable and have a health benefit when consumed. Clinical studies help identify the minimal and optimal doses that probiotics exert on a favorable outcome. Biofortis, Mérieux NutriScience’s sister company, offers clinical research testing to demonstrate GI survivability and health benefit claim studies.

Our Mérieux NutriScience laboratory and Biofortis Research clinical trial services will support you through your product lifecycle and beyond ensuring a high-quality probiotic formulation supported by data.

We are eager to help!

Contact Us

1. International Probiotics Association Europe. Global and European probiotic market insights 2018-2021. IPAEurope website. https://www.ipaeurope.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Market-data-probiotics-2018-2021.pdf
2. Probiotics in Disease Prevention and Treatment https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6656559/
3. The Development of High-Quality Multispecies Probiotic Formulations: From Bench to Market. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7468868/
4. Encapsulated probiotic cells: Relevant techniques, natural sources as encapsulating materials and food applications – A narrative review https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0963996920307079#:~:text=Several%20techniques%20are%20currently%20available,%2C%20%26%20Tzia%2C%202020

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A study conducted by the University of South Wales School of Optometry and Vision Science in Sydney revealed that modifying gut function with probiotics and prebiotics can improve inflammation related to the signs and symptoms of dry eye disease.

What is Dry Eye Syndrome?

Dry Eye Syndrome is, quite simply, the condition of having chronically dry eyes. DES is also commonly associated with other regular eye symptoms including:

• Redness
• Irritation & Itchiness
• Discharge
• Blurred vision
• Optical fatigue

The cause of dry eye syndrome is related to the lower production of tears and tears evaporating too quickly. Dry eye syndrome can be caused by:

• Certain medications
• Frequent use of contact lenses
• LASIK surgery
• Pregnancy

Dry eye syndrome is commonly treated with hydration, artificial tears (eye drops), or changes to the environment (less dust or smoke-free environments).

It should be noted that the prevalence of DES increases with age. The ‘why’ of this is still being researched, but it is thought to be related to the increased amount of medications elderly people take on average.

Inflammatory Components

DES has an inflammatory component. Inflammation is controlled by many factors, one of which is modifying the gut function. One way this can be done is with probiotics and prebiotics. The recent study sought to investigate whether introducing prebiotic or probiotic supplements would reduce the signs and symptoms of dry eye disease.

41 participants with dry eye disease received either probiotics and prebiotics or a placebo. They were evaluated at baseline, 1 month and 4 months, and again 1 month after the end of the study. Dry eye symptoms and dry eye signs with tear osmolarity, noninvasive keratography tear break-up time, ocular surface staining, tear meniscus height, lipid layer thickness, and conjunctival redness were used as observation markers.

DES & Probiotics Trial Results

After one month, the symptoms present in both groups seemed to slightly improve. After 4 months of taking supplements, only symptoms in the treatment group improved. Researchers saw no significant changes in dry eye signs after 4 months of taking supplements, however.

The study shows that we can potentially manage dry eye disease by taking probiotic and prebiotic supplements. Researchers are planning on future studies to see which probiotics & prebiotics are the most effective for treating DES. Different types of probiotic & prebiotic blends may have different effects on DES and its associated symptoms.

Research at Biofortis

Biofortis is dedicated to protecting consumer health throughout the world by delivering a wide range of testing and consultancy services to the food, supplement, and nutrition industries. Biofortis supports this mission in two ways—through clinical trials and sensory and consumer insights testing. We specialize in clinical research targeting foods, ingredients, and dietary supplements that affect body structures, function, and overall health. Contact us with any clinical trial or scientific consulting needs.

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The research focused on modulating the effects of related metabolic processes to learn about how they contribute to healthy aging.

What is Frailty Syndrome?

Frailty Syndrome is a condition commonly found in geriatric patients that embodies a generally elevated risk of health issues and decline. Symptoms commonly associated with Frailty Syndrome include:

• Exhaustion
• Weight loss
• Weakness
• Notable slowing down (activities taking much longer than they should)
• Difficulties with formerly easy tasks

Frailty syndrome has been linked to sarcopenia, osteoporosis, and many types of muscle weakness associated with aging. Frailty Syndrome has been identified as a risk factor for dementia.

Ongoing research into Frailty Syndrome has specifically focused on the combinations of factors that may lead to its development. Scientists agree that aging and major health conditions are large contributing factors to developing Frailty Syndrome but are still researching how FS causes issues for major systems throughout the body.

Gut Microbiota & Frailty Syndrome

Gut microbiotas are grouped into three enterotypes; Bacteroides, Prevotella, and Ruminococcus. These enterotypes constitute the main gut microbiome and appear similarly in various age groups. Gut microbiomes are also modulated by epithelial morphology, genetic characteristics of the host, epithelial immune components, and exposure to external compounds. 

Aging impacts intestinal permeability, which modifies microbes and metabolites in circulation, affecting the immune system. Aging influences the brain-intestine axis and the intestinal microflora, which in turn, affects the gut microbiome via a bidirectional relationship. 

The microbes in the gut react to stressors that affect immune responses. Age also alters activities of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA)––evident through the modifications in circadian cortisol levels.

Malnutrition predisposes individuals to cognitive frailty and affects cognitive problems associated with frailty syndrome. Deficiencies of nearly all micronutrients are a characteristic of Frailty Syndrome.

Supplementation to help Frailty Syndrome is easily achievable. Antioxidants eliminate free radicals, thereby decreasing the oxidative stress that is associated with a decrease in cognitive function.

Probiotic & Prebiotic Supplementation for Frailty Syndrome

Changes to lifestyles and diets can aid in the long-term maintenance of healthy gut microbiota, which can help with healthy aging and avoiding Frailty Syndrome. Preventing malnutrition and improving gut-microbiome composition go a long way in preventing frailty as the aging process sets in. Probiotic and prebiotic supplementation offers a modality in such intervention.

While supplementation may not ‘cure’ Frailty Syndrome directly, it can be beneficial toward the treatment of conditions that may lead to FS if left untreated.

Research at Biofortis

Biofortis is dedicated to protecting consumer health throughout the world by delivering a wide range of testing and consultancy services to the food, supplement, and nutrition industries. Biofortis supports this mission in two ways—through clinical trials and sensory and consumer insights testing. We specialize in clinical research targeting foods, ingredients, and dietary supplements that affect body structures, function, and overall health. Contact us with any clinical trial or scientific consulting needs.

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Weight Loss Probiotic Study

The research team briefed 212 participants with an overweight body mass index (BMI) on how to reduce their calorie intake by one-fifth over three months. Participants were asked to continue any existing levels of physical activity.

Over the three-month study period, roughly half of the participants also took a pill containing Hafnia alvei twice a day. The other participants took a placebo twice daily. Participants in both groups were of a similar age, height, and starting weight.

What is Hafnia alvei?

Hafnia alvei is a bacterium not normally pathogenic to the human GI tract. Many animals (mammals, reptiles, and others), however, have H. alvei in their GI tracts. H. alvei is most commonly used as for lactate fermentation in dairy products consumed by people. More recently, probiotic blends have used H. alvei as part of probiotic nutritional supplements.

Existing research on H. alvei is scarce, as it has not yet been associated with health conditions or diseases in humans.

Results of the Study

55% of participants who took the supplement lost at least 3% of their body weight, compared with 41% of participants who took the placebo. Researchers also found that participants who took the supplement had substantially lower blood sugar levels than those in the placebo group. Furthermore, participants who took the supplement also reported feeling ‘fuller’ after meals and snacks than the placebo group.

The loss of body weight is an exciting piece of research data as it shows potential benefits including reducing obesity and other comorbid conditions. More exciting, perhaps, is the significantly lower levels of blood sugar found in participants who took the supplement. Any notable research into helping prevent type 2 diabetes may help direct future research toward new discoveries.

The results of this study are very promising. More research is needed to confirm the effectiveness of H. alvei as a probiotic that can help with weight loss. Future research will need to focus on diets and the lifestyles/physical activity of the participants.

Research at Biofortis

Biofortis is dedicated to protecting consumer health throughout the world by delivering a wide range of testing and consultancy services to the food, supplement, and nutrition industries. Biofortis supports this mission in two ways—through clinical trials and sensory and consumer insights testing. We specialize in clinical research targeting foods, ingredients, and dietary supplements that affect body structures, function, and overall health. Contact us with any clinical trial or scientific consulting needs.

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Probiotics refer to any foods or supplements that contain healthy bacteria meant to benefit health. As a whole, probiotics make up a very large category of dietary products. Probiotics work by encouraging a healthy balance of microbiota in the gut microbiome.

Does the Gut Affect Parkinson’s?

The microbiome in patients with Parkinson’s might be different than in those without the disease. Research interest into whether manipulating gut bacteria in PD using probiotics is beneficial has increased over the past few years. The gut microbiome consists of countless microscopic organisms living in a delicate balance. How it affects the rest of the body is still being researched.

There have been several clinical trials testing whether probiotics can treat the symptoms of PD. Most have focused on the treatment of GI symptoms. Two, however, have focused on the improvement of motor system impairment due to Parkinson’s.

These studies have suggested that using certain probiotic mixtures may improve gastrointestinal symptoms associated with PD. These treatments have not been compared to increasing prebiotic use, which may be even more effective. Unfortunately, no data currently supports the use of probiotics for the motor symptoms of PD.

Upcoming Clinical Studies & Trials

Research into how probiotics may help other symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease is ongoing. The American Parkinson Disease Foundation lists some of the most exciting studies currently going on, which include:

• Probiotic effects on treating anxiety related to PD
• Probiotic effects on treating depression related to PD
• Lactobacillus casei and its effects in treating constipation related to PD
• Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Enterococcus and their effect on motor symptoms, constipation, and sleep-related to PD
• Lactobacillus Plantarum PS128 affects motor symptoms of PD
• Effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus and prebiotic fibers on motor symptoms of PD

All of the research mentioned in this article is still in the early stages. None of the information is meant to treat Parkinson’s Disease. Please speak to your doctor if you have any questions regarding options for medically recommended ways of treating PD.

Research at Biofortis

Biofortis is dedicated to protecting consumer health throughout the world by delivering a wide range of testing and consultancy services to the food, supplement, and nutrition industries. Biofortis supports this mission in two ways—through clinical trials and sensory and consumer insights testing. We specialize in clinical research targeting foods, ingredients, and dietary supplements that affect body structures, function, and overall health. Contact us with any clinical trial or scientific consulting needs.

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Diabetes Treatments

Diabetes is treatable with insulin and other related medications. While insulin is one of the safest medications when used appropriately, it is associated with side effects in some people, such as the potential for hypoglycemia, weight gain, edema, retinopathy, and injection site reactions.  Other medications are often prescribed for Type 2 diabetes, such as metformin, and these also have side effects, which include gastrointestinal discomforts among others. In addition, medications such as these can be costly. 

Particularly with Type 2 diabetes, blood sugar levels can fluctuate, which can add to the difficulty in managing appropriate levels of medications.  This relative volatility makes finding ways to prevent or reverse diabetes a necessary area of research. Probiotics may have some properties that make them a prime candidate for future research and use in conjunction with diabetes.

Diabetes & General Health

While there is no medical cure for diabetes, there are ways for people to help mitigate and, for Type 2 diabetes possibly reverse the effects of diabetes. Because the risk of Type 2 diabetes is increased in people overweight and obese, some of the most common methods for mitigating the effects of Type 2 diabetes include:

• Low-calorie diets
• Regular exercise
• Weight loss
• Intermittent fasting
• Bariatric surgery

Medications and dietary supplements cannot reverse the effects of Type 1 diabetes. For both types, supplementation is still a good way to get vitamins & minerals and to add to a healthy diet in general.

Probiotics & Diabetes

Recent studies have shown that probiotics have positive effects on lowering bad cholesterol & triglyceride levels and may help in managing healthy blood pressure. This is important as these things can help with overall health, leading to better implementation of the ways to reduce or reverse the symptoms of Type 2 diabetes (as listed in the previous section).

Data from recent studies have suggested that probiotics may have a positive influence on supporting healthy cholesterol & blood pressure levels. Current data suggests that probiotics could have a positive role for mitigating the dangerous effects associated with Type 2 diabetes, although data on BMI, weight, and insulin levels are not as consistent.

Research at Biofortis

Biofortis is dedicated to protecting consumer health throughout the world by delivering a wide range of testing and consultancy services to the food, supplement, and nutrition industries. Biofortis supports this mission in two ways—through clinical trials and sensory and consumer insights testing. We specialize in clinical research targeting foods, ingredients, and dietary supplements that affect body structures, function, and overall health. Contact us with any clinical trial or scientific consulting needs.

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What is a Biomarker?

A biomarker (shorthand for biological marker) is a measurement of something happening in a person’s system. Biomarkers are important as they provide information, benchmarks, and standards, especially when it comes to general health.

Biomarkers can be used to determine if there are unsafe levels of a given substance in a person’s blood, urine, saliva, stool, or other fluid. These samples are analyzed, compared to benchmark biomarker levels, then used to determine whether any medical action is necessary.

What are Inflammatory Biomarkers?

Inflammatory biomarkers are derived from the levels of substances around an inflamed area in the body, or systemic (circulating in the blood) in response to an injury or infection. Inflammation in general is how the body responds to perceived injuries, infections, or invasive substances.

Among the biomarkers laboratories measure, cytokines are primarily used as inflammatory biomarkers. Cytokines are released by cells to signal other cells to help fight a perceived invasive body or heal an area of injury.

Autoimmune conditions can lead to difficulties with inflammatory biomarkers, as cells may perceive something that is not a threat as dangerous. Biomarkers can help doctors discover or diagnose autoimmune conditions if abnormal inflammation is occurring.

Probiotic Effects on Inflammatory Biomarkers

Results of the study noted that probiotic supplementation significantly reduced some major pro-inflammatory cytokines while having no notable influence on others. This data is relevant as it will allow future research to focus on why and how probiotics affect certain inflammatory biomarkers.

The potential effects of identifying and refining the probiotics that affect inflammatory biomarkers could help in finding ways to reduce inflammation damage related to many conditions. Many people with auto-immune conditions, for example, have trouble with constant inflammation. Determining which biomarkers are present during a flare-up and which are mitigated by probiotics may lead to some groundbreaking discoveries.

Research at Biofortis

Biofortis is dedicated to protecting consumer health throughout the world by delivering a wide range of testing and consultancy services to the food, supplement, and nutrition industries. Biofortis supports this mission in two ways—through clinical trials and sensory and consumer insights testing. We specialize in clinical research targeting foods, ingredients, and dietary supplements that affect body structures, function, and overall health. Contact us with any clinical trial or scientific consulting needs.

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• Type 2 Diabetes
• Stroke
• Cardiovascular Disease
• Heart Disease

These are the most common reasons for morbidity and mortality in the United States. Thankfully, recognizing the health factors involved in metabolic syndrome can mitigate the risk a person has of developing these chronic medical conditions.

What Causes Metabolic Syndrome?

According to Mayo Clinic, metabolic syndrome is primarily associated with inactivity, overweight, and obesity, and is also linked to insulin resistance, meaning insulin has more trouble getting to the bloodstream and/or into the cells that need it. Therefore, diet plays an important role in both preventing and managing metabolic syndrome.

Risk factors for metabolic syndrome not related to diet and weight include:

• Age. The risk of developing metabolic syndrome increases with age.

• Ethnicity. People of Hispanic descent, especially women, are more at risk for developing metabolic syndrome.

• Preexisting Conditions. Diabetes, obesity, fatty liver disease, sleep apnea, and other medical conditions are all risk factors for developing metabolic syndrome.

Conditions Associated with Metabolic Syndrome

There are many health risks and conditions associated with metabolic syndrome. Two of them, however, have a much higher risk of developing due to metabolic syndrome.

• Heart & Blood Vessel Disease. Metabolic syndrome can lead to less flexible blood vessels. Together with high levels of bad cholesterol, this can lead to blockages in your arteries. The buildups are made of plaque and can lead to heart attacks and strokes if left untreated.

• Type 2 Diabetes. Insulin resistance, which is associated with metabolic syndrome, directly leads to type 2 diabetes if weight and other factors are left untreated.

Probiotics & Metabolic Syndrome

Recent research has been studying the effects of probiotics on developing metabolic syndrome. Specifically, the relationship between probiotics and weight/overall health has gained recent interest and is directly related to the risk of developing metabolic syndrome.

Other research has focused on how probiotics can affect people who already have metabolic syndrome. Probiotic intake in patients with metabolic syndrome has shown improvements in:

• Weight
• Body Mass Index (BMI)
• Blood Pressure Levels
• Metabolic Performance
• Glucose Levels

Research has improved over the past few years due to the diversity of probiotic data that is now available. And while these results are good, they have been noted to not be nearly as effective as taking the correct medication or living an active/healthy lifestyle.

The good news is that the positive data has led to more research into which types of probiotics (and pre/postbiotics) are the most effective when it comes to preventing or mitigating the effects of metabolic syndrome. Therefore, in the future, specific probiotics that are more effective may be identified. 

Research at Biofortis

Biofortis is dedicated to protecting consumer health throughout the world by delivering a wide range of testing and consultancy services to the food, supplement, and nutrition industries. Biofortis supports this mission in two ways—through clinical trials and sensory and consumer insights testing. We specialize in clinical research targeting foods, ingredients, and dietary supplements that affect body structures, function, and overall health. Contact us with any clinical trial or scientific consulting needs.

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